[20190801]IF11279_美国的非法药物流动和缉获：聚焦中.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov August 1, 2019Illicit Drug Flows and Seizures in the United States: In FocusPolicy discussions around issues such as border security, drug trafficking, and the opioid epidemic include questions about illicit drug flows into the United States. While there are numerous data points involved in understanding the trafficking of illicit drugs into the country, these data are often estimated, incomplete, imperfect, or lack nuance. For more information, see CRS Report R45812, Illicit Drug Flows and Seizures in the United States: What Do We Not Know? Illicit Drug Supply Chain At the top of the illicit drug supply chain (see Figure 1) is the total production of illicit drugs around the worldboth plant-based (e.g., cocaine, heroin, and marijuana) and synthetic (e.g., methamphetamine and fentanyl). Although some are produced in the United States, many originate elsewhere and are smuggled into the country. For plant-based drugs, a variety of factors affect cultivation as well as surveillance and measurement of crop yields. In addition, not all illicit drug crops may be processed into illicit drugs. For synthetic drugs, the supply chain begins in chemical manufact