[20190821]IF10182_苏丹.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated August 21, 2019SudanOn April 11, 2019, Sudans military removed President Omar al Bashir from office after three decades in power. Four months of near-daily protests across the country had shaken the government, and in early April, huge crowds gathered in front of the militarys headquarters in Khartoum to demand regime change. The protests, triggered by austerity measures amid an economic crisis, were fueled by a range of grievances against the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) and Bashir, who took power in a 1989 coup. The demonstrations did not end with Bashirs ouster. When the Transitional Military Council (TMC) that seized power from Bashir defied calls for a swift transfer to civilian rule, protesters staged a sit-in. It lasted for almost two months before security forces violently dispersed it on June 3. Over 100 people were killed in the attack, reportedly led by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The RSF, which has roots in the Janjaweed militia and is linked to serious abuses, has been heavily deployed in Khartoum since April. An internet shutdown that began on June 3 lasted over a month, restricting both dissent and busi