[20191025]IF11344_移民投资项目不断变化的格局 .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov October 25, 2019The Changing Landscape of Immigrant Investment Programs Immigrant investment programs (IIPs), also known as “golden visas,” “golden passports,” and citizenship-or residency-by-investment (CBI, RBI) programs, among other names, are distinct from other immigration channelssuch as family ties or employer sponsorshipin that the applicant is required to make a financial contribution for the benefit of the host nation. Criteria and expectations range widely across programs, yet all IIPs grant an immigration benefit to the approved applicant in exchange for a sizable financial contribution to the private or public sector (sometimes both). The first official IIP was established in St. Kitts and Nevis in 1984, followed by one in Canada in 1986 and in the United States in 1990 (P.L. 101-649). There are now more than 50 actively promoted IIPs around the world, and more than 100 countries have immigrant investment legislation in place. The number of IIPs has increased by almost 50% over the past 10 years (see Figure 1). Some of the lowest IIP rates are found in North Americas Caribbean islands, including the Dominican Republics RBI, which accepts