[20191028]IF10218_南苏丹.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated October 28, 2019South SudanPeace has been elusive in South Sudan, which became the worlds newest country in 2011. Nearly 400,000 people are estimated to have died as a result of a civil war that began in 2013. The war has displaced over four million people, including over two million refugees who have fled to neighboring countries. It is Africas largest refugee crisis. Background and Context South Sudans independence from Sudan, supported by the United States, came after a vote for secession in 2011, following almost 40 years of rebellion against the Sudanese government. That war, which displaced over four million people and led to as many as two million deaths, inhibited the development of basic infrastructure, human capital, and formal civilian institutions in the south. Humanitarian needs persisted after independence, despite abundant natural resources, including oil fields that once generated 75% of Sudans oil production. Corruption and malfeasance slowed post-war recovery and development. With secession, South Sudan gained its sovereignty, but by many accounts its population lacked a common identitydespite a shared history of trauma and