[20191115]IF11363_在美国和墨西哥边境处理外国人：最近的策略更改.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov November 15, 2019Processing Aliens at the U.S.-Mexico Border: Recent Policy ChangesSince FY2017, a growing share of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border request asylum, some at official U.S. ports of entry and others after entering the country “without inspection” (i.e., illegally) between ports of entry. Under 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), arriving aliens and recent entrants may qualify for asylum, a lawful immigration status, if they have suffered persecution in their country of origin or have a well-founded fear of suffering such persecution upon returning to that country based on enumerated statutory grounds (race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion). In FY2019, most of these aliens were nationals of countries other than Mexico, and a majority consisted of either unaccompanied alien children or family units with minors. The Trump Administration is pursuing several policies that change how these aliens are processed when they arrive without valid entry documents. First, under a practice known as “metering,” aliens may be required to wait in Mexico until