[20191129]IF11374_银行业的工业贷款公司和Fintech .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov November 29, 2019Industrial Loan Companies and Fintech in Banking Several states offer a type of bank charter for industrial loan companies (ILCs). Certain ILC features of ILCs and their regulationparticularly that their parent holding companies can be nonfinancial, commercial firms not supervised by the Federal Reservehave made ILCs the subject of perennial policy debate. Recently, several technology companies have applied to establish new ILCs, refocusing interest on the issue. Industrial Loan Companies In the United States, depository institutions operate under a number of charter types offered at either the state or federal level. Each type determines which activities are permissible for the institution, which are restricted, and which federal bank agency or agencies will regulate the institution. In addition, a depository may be owned by a parent company, which in the vast majority of cases (ILCs excepted, as discussed below) is a bank-holding company or thrift-holding company (hereinafter collectively referred to as BHCs) regulated by the Federal Reserve. Originally, ILCs formed to serve niche lending markets (the name comes from their initial