[20200106]IF11314_USMCA：知识产权（IPR）.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 6, 2020USMCA: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)Background The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is a proposed free trade agreement (FTA) negotiated among the three parties to update and replace the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). On November 30, 2018, President Trump and the leaders of Mexico and Canada signed USMCA. Congress would need to pass the legislation to implement the agreement before it can enter into force. On December 10, 2019, the three countries agreed to a protocol of amendment to the USMCA, which affects some IPR provisions. USMCA would make notable changes to NAFTA provisions on intellectual property (IP)creations of the mind embodied in physical and digital objects. IPR are time-limited rights that governments grant to inventors and artists to exclude others from using their inventions and creations without permission. IP is a key source of U.S. comparative advantage; advancing IPR protection globally has been a U.S. trade negotiating objective since 1988 (P.L. 100-418). IPR trade agreement provisions were first included in NAFTA and, subsequently, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agr