[20200121]IF11410_移民相关刑事犯罪.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov January 21, 2020Immigration-Related Criminal OffensesThe Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) governs the admission, removal, and presence of non-U.S. nationals (aliens). Congress has established criminal sanctions for certain conduct that undermines immigration rules. Immigration-related cases make up a significant portion of the federal criminal caseload. See U.S. SENTENCING COMMISSION, FISCAL YEAR 2018 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL CRIMINAL CASES 12 (2019). Immigration-related crimes generally cover three categories of conduct: (1) improper entry and reentry; (2) the smuggling, transporting, and harboring of aliens; and (3) immigration-related fraud. Improper Entry and Illegal Reentry Unlawfully entering the United States may result in criminal penalties with enhanced penalties for illegal reentry. Improper Entry: 8 U.S.C. 1325 makes it a criminal offense to enter or attempt to enter the United States without authorization. A violation may result in a fine and imprisonment for up to six months for a first offense and up to two years for a subsequent violation. An alien may commit improper entry in three ways: entering or attempting to enter the United Stat