[20200127]IF10337_美国在太空中面临的挑战.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 27, 2020Challenges to the United States in SpacePreserving key U.S. national security and economic interests is widely seen to depend on assured access and widespread use of space-based systems. Satellites are as essential to military and intelligence operations as fighters, warships, and combat vehicles. Major portions of the global economy rely on space systems; they facilitate the entire global financial system, stock markets, communications, agriculture, and transportation, as well as other commercial and civil activities. A June 2015 Department of Homeland Security report estimated $1.6 trillion of annual U.S. business revenues depend on satellites. Space systems are also a permanent and seamless component in the nations critical infrastructure, as vital as the electrical grid or the highway system. Space, however, is no longer the exclusive domain of great powers, nor does it remain a sanctuary for science and exploration, free from conflict. In fact, U.S. officials and others identify space as a warfighting domain. Adversaries are aware of U.S. space superiority and understand the critical reliance on space systems to achieve U