[20200316]IF11461_全球健康安全议程（GHSA）：2020-2024.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 16, 2020The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA)Introduction Since 1980, outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases (EID) have been occurring with greater frequency and causing higher numbers of human infections. Roughly 65% of these outbreaks have been caused by zoonotic pathogens, involving pathogen spread from animals to humans, often through a vector, such as a mosquito. Each year, zoonotic pathogens cause an estimated one billion cases of human illness, including 15 million deaths. All the EID outbreaks that gained notoriety in the past two decades were caused by zoonotic pathogens: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS, 2002-2003), avian influenza H5N1 (Bird Flu, 2005), pandemic influenza H1N1 (Swine Flu, 2009), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV, 2013), Ebola (2014-2016), Zika (2015-2016), yellow fever (2016), Ebola (2018-2020), and the novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak. International Health Regulations In 1969, the World Health Assembly (WHA)the governing body of the World Health Organization (WHO)adopted the International Health Regulations (IHR) to stop the spread of six diseases through quarantine and other