[20200319]IN11264_总统宣布新冠肺炎紧急状态：NEA和斯塔福德法案.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i Presidential Declarations of Emergency for COVID-19: NEA and Stafford Act L. Elaine Halchin Specialist in American National Government Elizabeth M. Webster Analyst in Emergency Management and Disaster Recovery March 19, 2020 This Insight provides an overview of the presidential declarations of emergency made under the National Emergencies Act (NEA; 50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) and the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) in response to the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Table 1 describes select differences between these types of declarations and their authorities. This Insight does not discuss other actions mentioned by the President, or federal agencies (other than the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) that have been, or may be, tasked to respond. Two Emergency Declarations for COVID-19 On March 13, 2020, President Donald J. Trump issued Proclamation 9994 under the NEA and declared an emergency under the Stafford Act. The act of simultaneously declaring an emergency pursuant to the NEA and the Stafford Act nationally for the sam