[20200413]IF11201_美国的核废料贮存场.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated April 13, 2020Nuclear Waste Storage Sites in the United StatesCongressional interest in nuclear waste is generally focused on managing commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF), the waste produced from commercial nuclear power plants, and other high-level nuclear wastes (HLW), largely from Cold Warera nuclear weapons materials production. No country, including the United States, has a permanent geologic repository for disposal of commercial SNF and other HLW. Currently, commercial nuclear power plants generally store SNF on site, awaiting disposal in a permanent repository. The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA; P.L. 97-425) authorized the Department of Energy (DOE) to site a geologic repository for the permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Congress amended the NWPA in 1987 to designate Yucca Mountain, NV, as the only location to be considered by DOE to construct a national high-level nuclear waste repository. Political and legal opposition to the project has delayed the licensing, construction, and operation of the proposed Yucca Mountain repository. NWPA authorized DOE to enter into agreements with nuclear utilities and other r