[20200420]IF11512_哈奇法案：基础.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov April 20, 2020The Hatch Act: A PrimerThe Hatch Act (the Act) is a federal law that regulates the partisan political activities of most executive branch employees as well as certain state and local employees. The statute seeks to balance the governments interest in an efficient and impartial workforce with employees rights to participate in the political process. This In Focus provides an overview of the law, including its origins, its current scope, and what activities are prohibited under the Act. Background Congress has regulated the political activities of federal executive branch employees since the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act in 1883. The Pendleton Act, which sought to create a merit-based federal workforce, also established the Civil Service Commission (CSC)a predecessor to the modern-day Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB). In 1883, the CSC issued Rule 1, prohibiting employees in the classified civil service from using their authority or influence to coerce any other person or interfere with an election. In 1907, Rule 1 was amended to prohibit employees from taking an active part in political management or campaigns. In 1939,