[20200428]IF11524_量子信息科学：国会活动和联邦政策建议.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov April 28, 2020Quantum Information Science: Congressional Activity and Federal Policy RecommendationsQuantum Information Science Technologies and Applications Combining elements of mathematics, computer science, engineering, and physical sciences, quantum information science (QIS) is believed to have the potential to provide capabilities far beyond what is possible with the most advanced sciences available today. Quantum science, generally, is the study of the smallest particles of matter and energy; QIS builds on quantum science principles to obtain and process information in ways that cannot be achieved through classical physics. QIS is based on the premise that information science depends on quantum effects in physics. Although much of the press coverage of QIS is on quantum computing, experts generally divide QIS into four categories: sensing and metrology, communications, simulation, and computing (some combine simulation and computing). Each can be used for a variety of applications. For example: Sensing and metrologynavigation, precise timekeeping, locating subterranean mineral deposits; Communicationsgenerating quantum keys for encryption and