[20200615]IF11574_国家储备：国会背景和议题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov June 15, 2020National Stockpiles: Background and Issues for CongressThe United States maintains several distinct stockpiles of supplies, equipment, and raw materials that may be used for a national emergency, military operation, or other natural disaster or manmade event where commercial supply and distribution are unavailable. Some of these stockpiles were established by Congress in law, while others began as policy-driven initiatives of federal departments and agencies. In general, there are two types of stockpiles that the U.S. government owns and manages: (1) those intended to support a subset of the general public in an emergency (i.e., public stockpiles) and (2) those intended to support the national defense during a war or other type of military operation (i.e., defense stockpiles). Typically, a single federal department (including military departments) is responsible for managing each stockpile. Within departments, stockpiles are often supported by one or more logistics organizations that provide procurement, storage, transportation, disposal, and/or other technical services to stockpile managers. The degree to which stockpile managers store