[20200630]LSB10507_最高法院裁定CFPB结构违宪：对国会的影响.pdf

CRS Legal Sidebar Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Legal SidebarLegal Sidebari i Supreme Court: President May Remove CFPB Director at Will June 30, 2020 On June 29, 2020, in the case Seila Law v. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), the Supreme Court held in a five-to-four decision that the statutory provision limiting the Presidents authority to remove the director of the CFPB violated the Constitution by infringing on the Presidents powers to execute the laws. The opinion provides guidance on Congresss authority to insulate agencies from presidential influence by explaining that, under current precedent, Congress may shield executive branch officials from removal by the President only in two limited circumstances: (1) when so-called inferior officers have limited duties and no policymaking or administrative authority, and (2) when a multi-member body of experts does not wield substantial executive power. In the view of the majority, the CFPBs leadership structure, which included a sole director wielding substantial power, did not fit within either exception and was therefore unconstitutional. Despite this determination, the Court held that the restriction l