[20200723]IN11430_《关怀法案》和其他2019冠状病毒疾病立法中的税收和其他规定的商业用途：调查证据.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i Business Use of Tax and Other Provisions in the CARES Act and Other COVID-19 Legislation: Evidence from Surveys Updated July 23, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) provided a range of benefits to businesses and their employees. Provisions and Programs Three of the acts major programs are mutually exclusive (overall, or at least with respect to a given employee) and require employers to decide about whether to retain workers and how to pay them. The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) for small businesses allowed low-interest loans that could be forgiven if employees were retained. Expanded unemployment insurance (UI) benefits helped workers laid off or furloughed (as well as the small number of employees using work sharing under short-time compensation STC). The employee retention tax credit (ERTC) provided a credit for 50% of wages up to a ceiling for retained workers. Numerous other provisions were enacted, including a deferral of payroll taxes through 2020, half paid at the end of 2021 and half at the end of 2022; liberalization of net operating losses (