[20200821]IF10303_土库曼斯坦.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated August 21, 2020TurkmenistanOverview Turkmenistan is a strategically situated country with significant energy resources, making it a potential partner for governments, including the United States, interested in advancing regional stability and economic development. Since becoming independent with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Turkmenistans authoritarian government has kept the country largely isolated from the outside world and maintained tight control over the economy. While Turkmenistans constitution establishes “permanent neutrality” as the core principle of the countrys foreign policy, its history and geography underpin a difficult but important relationship with Russia, and increasing economic dependence is driving closer ties with China. In recent years, U.S. cooperation with Turkmenistan has focused primarily on border security issues, particularly with neighboring Afghanistan. Political Background Government. Turkmenistans constitution defines the country as a secular, democratic presidential republic with a tripartite separation of powers between the executive, the judiciary, and the legislature. In practice, executive