[20200921]IF11652_“有机”认证：法律框架概述.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov September 21, 2020“Organic” Certification: An Overview of the Legal FrameworkIn 1990, Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA), 7 U.S.C. 65016522, “to establish national standards governing the marketing of certain agricultural products as organically produced products.” OFPA, enacted as part of the 1990 Omnibus Farm Bill, authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to establish regulations, administered by the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), for certifying products as organic under the National Organic Program (NOP). Id. 6503. The Secretary may also authorize states to operate their own programs with requirements equivalent to or more restrictive than the federal program. Id. 6507. This In Focus summarizes the organic certification framework and highlights some proposed regulatory changes. What Qualifies as “Organic”? “Organic” may be used to describe products produced and handled (1) “without the use of synthetic chemicals,” except as permitted by law; (2) on land to which prohibited substances have not been applied in the three years before harvest; and (3) “in compliance with an or