[20210112]IF11103_两种缓解气候变化的方法的简要比较：限额交易和碳税（或费用）.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 12, 2021A Brief Comparison of Two Climate Change Mitigation Approaches: Cap-and-Trade and Carbon Tax (or Fee)Almost all climate scientists agree that greenhouse gas (GHG) emission increases have contributed to observed climate change and that continued increases in GHG emissions will contribute to future climate change. Although a variety of efforts seeking to reduce GHG emissions are currently underway on the international level and in individual states or regional partnerships, federal policymakers and stakeholders have different viewpoints over what to doif anythingabout GHG emissions, future climate change, and related impacts. For policymakers considering actions to reduce GHG emissions, various policy options are available. Over the last 15 years, many of the legislative proposals have involved market-based approaches, such as a GHG emissions cap-and-trade system or a carbon tax or emissions fee. These particular approaches may be considered in the 117th Congress and are discussed below. The information below provides an overview of two approaches while briefly addressing their similarities and differences. What Is a Cap-and-Tra