[20210115]IF11730_经济制裁：第117届大会概况.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov January 15, 2021Economic Sanctions: Overview for the 117th CongressEconomic Sanctions and Authorities Economic sanctions in furtherance of foreign policy and national security objectives are coercive economic measures taken against a target to bring about a change in behavior. In U.S. foreign policy and national security, sanctions can include such measures as trade embargoes; restrictions on particular exports or imports; denial of foreign assistance, loans, and investments; blocking of foreign assets under U.S. jurisdiction; and prohibition on economic transactions that involve U.S. citizens or businesses. Secondary sanctions are sometimes used to put additional pressure on the sanctions target. They penalize third parties engaged in activities with the primary sanctions target that undermine or evade the purpose of the sanctions regime. The Role of the President Most U.S. economic sanctions imposed for foreign policy or national security reasons are based on national emergency authorities. The President, for a variety of reasons related to constitutional interpretations and related legal challenges throughout U.S. history, holds substantial decisi