[20210201]IF10645_WTO与美国贸易协定中的争端解决.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 1, 2021Dispute Settlement in the WTO and U.S. Trade AgreementsThe United States traditionally has championed the use of effective and reciprocal dispute settlement (DS) mechanisms to enforce commitments in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and in U.S. free trade agreements (FTAs). While effective and enforceable DS has been a long-standing U.S. trade negotiating objective, its use has become controversial following some adverse decisions, particularly with regard to U.S. trade remedy law. Dispute Settlement at the WTO The WTO was established in 1995 after eight years of trade negotiations in the Uruguay Round among members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)the predecessor to the WTO during 1947-1994. The WTO administers a system of agreements promoting trade liberalization, including rules for trade in goods, services and intellectual property rights. Through its Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), the WTO provides an enforceable means to settle disputes regarding obligations under these agreements. Under the GATT, dispute settlement was largely viewed as ineffective because there were no fixed timetables and d