[20210210]IF11080_叙利亚冲突概述：2011-2021.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 10, 2021Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021The conflict in Syria is entering its tenth year and has displaced roughly half of the countrys pre-war population. As of 2021, five countries regularly operate in or maintain military forces in Syria: Russia, Turkey, Iran, Israel, and the United Statesas well as transnational terrorist groups such as the Islamic State, Al Qaeda (AQ), and Lebanese Hezbollah. This piece provides a historical overview of the conflict. For additional details and recent developments see CRS Report RL33487, Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response, coordinated by Carla E. Humud. 2011: Protests Emerge In March, antigovernment protests broke out in Syria, which has been ruled by the Asad family for more than five decades. Two umbrella opposition groups emergedone political, one armedwith the leadership of both based primarily in exile. Political groups established the Syrian National Council (SNC), while military defectors formed the Free Syrian Army (FSA), which claimed leadership over the armed opposition but whose authority was generally unrecognized by local armed groups. Escalating violence prompted