[20210210]IN11528_野火烟雾：空气质量问题和管理.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i Wildfire Smoke: Air Quality Concerns and Management Updated February 10, 2021 Wildfire smoke can temporarily degrade air quality and harm human health. Some Members of Congress have expressed concern about wildfire health risks, including potential interactions with COVID-19. This Insight provides background, discusses federal air quality requirements related to wildfires, and identifies wildfire smoke response programs. Background The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish minimum national standards for air quality to protect human health and the environment from emissions that pollute ambient (outdoor) air. EPA has set and periodically revised national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for six “criteria” air pollutantsozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and lead. Under the CAA, states have primary responsibility for assuring compliance with the standards, and for establishing and incorporating procedures in state implementation plans to attain and maintain the NAAQS. Wildfire smoke is a complex mixture of air