[20210219]IF11494_野生动物贸易、2019冠状病毒疾病和其他人畜共患疾病.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 19, 2021Wildlife Trade, COVID-19, and Other Zoonotic DiseasesIntroduction Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel virus: the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized it as a pandemic that reportedly had spread to more than 223 countries or territories. The origin of the COVID-19 outbreak is not certain, though several studies have identified high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses found in bat species found in China. WHO scientists hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 possibly transmitted to humans directly from bats or through an intermediate species or perishable wildlife product associated with a wet market (market that sell live animals and perishable goods) in China. SARS-CoV-2, like most coronaviruses, is zoonotic, meaning it is derived from viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens that are transmitted between animals and humans. Transmission of zoonotic diseases (i.e., zoonoses) is reportedly facilitated by activities such as land clearing, close human-animal contact (e.g., in live animal markets), hunting and consu