[20210225]IF11190_美元硬币：历史和当前状态.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 25, 2021U.S. Dollar Coins: History and Current StatusThe Secretary of Treasury, through the U.S. Mint, is statutorily authorized to issue specific denominations of circulating coins (31 U.S.C. 5112). The dollar coin was first authorized in the Coinage Act of 1792 (1 Stat. 246) and initially featured images such as Liberty on the (front) obverse and eagles on the (back) reverse. The first dollar coin to feature a President was issued in 1971 (Eisenhower). Since then, the Mint has redesigned the $1 coin several times. Circulating vs. Commemorative Coins Generally, dollar coins are either circulating (i.e., sold by the U.S. Mint to the Federal Reserve for distribution to American financial institutions and used as money to exchange for goods and services) or commemorative (i.e., sold by the Mint to collectors to honor someone or something). The U.S. Mint also produces silver and gold bullion $1 coins. As with other coinage, the U.S. Mint sells $1 coins to the Federal Reserve, which in turn fulfills orders from banks. In 2011, the number of surplus (e.g., nondistributed by the Federal Reserve) $1 coins had grown to nearly 1.4 billion. To