[20210301]IF11583_伊朗核计划与联合国重新实施制裁.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated March 1, 2021Irans Nuclear Program and U.N. Sanctions ReimpositionU.N. Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015), which the council adopted on July 20, 2015, implements the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and contains other provisions concerning Irans nuclear program, Tehrans development of missiles, and arms transfers to and from Iran. In August 2020, the United States has invoked the resolutions “snapback” mechanism, which requires the Security Council to reimpose U.N. sanctions lifted pursuant to Resolution 2231 and the JCPOA. The JCPOA, finalized in July 2015 by Iran and China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively known as the P5+1), requires Iran to implement constraints on its uranium enrichment and heavy water nuclear reactor programs, as well as allow the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to monitor Tehrans compliance with the agreement. Prior to the JCPOA, these programs caused international concern because they could both have produced fissile material for use in nuclear weapons. Pursuant to the JCPOA, Tehran received relief from sanctions imposed by the European Union, Un