[20210301]IF11776_跨国犯罪问题：艺术品和古董贩运.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 1, 2021Transnational Crime Issues: Arts and Antiquities TraffickingIllegal trade in arts and antiquities, also referred to as trafficking of arts and antiquities or cultural property, is a long-standing practice through which criminal actors profit from the destruction, looting, or theft of culturally significant items. Estimates of the financial value of this illegal trade range from several hundred million to billions of dollars annually. Certain characteristics of the arts and antiquities industries such as confidentiality, challenges in documenting the provenance (ownership history) of certain items, the use of intermediaries, and inconsistent due diligence practices may contribute to the illegal trade and enable traffickers to gain access to the U.S. financial system. Congress has sought to strengthen U.S. responses to arts and antiquities trafficking through means including ratifying international agreements, directing executive branch initiatives, and regulating relevant industries. Since the early 2000s, congressional interest in cultural property trafficking as a national security issue has increased amidst evidence of links to money l