[20210311]IF11787_美国铝制造业：国家安全和关税.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 11, 2021U.S. Aluminum Manufacturing: National Security and TariffsAluminuma lightweight, ductile, malleable, and corrosion-resistant metalis increasingly used in many industrial and technological applications, including in products used for national defense and lower emission vehicles. In Congress, views on the aluminum industry generally diverge between those who support policies to increase domestic production for national security and economic reasons and others who argue that such policies may raise aluminum prices and harm aluminum-consuming sectors (e.g., transportation equipment, containers and packaging, and construction). Domestic Aluminum Manufacturing Aluminum is manufactured through two distinct processes (see Figure 1). Primary aluminum production consists of mining bauxite, refining it to produce alumina, then smelting it to yield aluminum. Secondary aluminum derives from recycled scrap metal. Sources of the scrap are (1) old scrap, recovered from finished products such as used aluminum cans, auto parts, and aircraft; and (2) new scrap, material left over from processing aluminum into consumer or industrial products. Figure 1. Alu