[20210430]IF11197_美国武器销售与人权：立法依据和常见问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated April 30, 2021U.S. Arms Sales and Human Rights: Legislative Basis and Frequently Asked QuestionsU.S. law establishes the conditions under which the U.S. government and U.S. commercial entities may sell defense articles to foreign countries. This In Focus provides an overview of the main laws and policies that may limit such sales on the basis of human rights concerns. Background The Arms Export Control Act (AECA; P.L. 90-629; 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (FAA; P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) establish provisions governing Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) to foreign consumers, including foreign governments. FMS refers to the sale of U.S.-origin defense articles, equipment, services, and training (hereinafter referred to as “defense articles”) on a government-to-government basis. DCS refers to the sale of U.S.-government licensed defense articles and services directly from U.S. firms to eligible foreign governments and international organizations. The AECA and FAA establish eligibility prerequisites for the sale of defense articles to foreign purchasers. The acts also require