[20210512]IF11830_医疗补助和监禁个人.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov May 12, 2021Medicaid and Incarcerated IndividualsMedicaid is a joint federal-state means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services, as well as long-term services and supports, for a diverse low-income population. States that operate their programs within broad federal rules are entitled to federal Medicaid matching funds. (For more information about Medicaid, see CRS Report R43357, Medicaid: An Overview.) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-48, as amended), and a subsequent Supreme Court decision (National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius), made it optional for states to expand Medicaid coverage to non-elderly adults with income up to 133% of the federal poverty level beginning in 2014. This created a new eligibility pathway for such adults based solely on income rather than on other categorical criteria, such as disability, being a parent of dependent children, or being a pregnant woman. In states that expanded Medicaid, many individuals transitioning into and out of incarcerationa population that tends to have higher rates of substance use disorder, mental ill