[20210715]IF11879_国家级演习：历史、当局和国会考虑.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov July 15, 2021National Level Exercises: History, Authorities, and Congressional ConsiderationsEvery two years, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conducts a National Level Exercise (NLE) to evaluate the nations progress towards preparedness for catastrophic events. These exercises have multiple components, and culminate in a large, full-scale exercise with thousands of participants from multiple federal agencies, state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments, industry partners, and nongovernmental organizations. The next NLE, scheduled for 2022, is to test the nations ability to respond to a simulated earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the Pacific Northwest, as well as subsequent aftershocks, tsunamis, and a Spill of National Significance. History and Authorities In 1988, much federal attention was paid to the ability of the nation to respond to and recover from emergencies and major disasters. Congress passed the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (P.L. 100-707), and President Ronald Reagan issued Executive Order 12656, which established a national security emergency exercise program a