[20210810]IF11895_空间作为作战领域：国会议题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov August 10, 2021Space as a Warfighting Domain: Issues for CongressIntroduction The United States is in the midst of making significant changes to policy on protecting national security pertaining to outer space. Military strategists increasingly consider space to be a warfighting domaina location where offensive and defensive military operations take placesimilar to air, land, and sea. During the Cold War, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union approached space as a sanctuary and a non-warfighting domain. However, many states and international entities, including the Department of Defense and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), now declare space a warfighting domain. Many countries rely on the capabilities that civilian and military space systems provide. Many governments have agreed in principle that space should remain a domain used for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of all humankind. Various treaties and agreements are the mechanisms in place to promote the principle of space as a peaceful domain, but these do not prevent nations from having or conducting counterspace operations. Space Threats Militaries around the world are preparing