[20210826]IF11872_俄罗斯：纳瓦尔尼中毒、化学武器使用和美国制裁.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated August 26, 2021Russia: The Navalny Poisoning, Chemical Weapons Use, and U.S. SanctionsOn March 2, 2021, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken determined that in August 2020 the Russian government used a chemical weapon in an attack on opposition figure and anticorruption activist Alexei Navalny in violation of international law and against one of its own nationals. This finding triggered requirements under the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act; title III, P.L. 102-182; 22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.). The CBW Act requires the President to impose economic and diplomatic measures that could cut off foreign aid, arms sales, and export licenses for controlled goods, services, and technology, and ratchet up in intensity if certain conditions are not met within 90 days. The March 2021 determination is the second time the United States has determined that Russia has used a chemical weapon and imposed sanctions under the CBW Act. The Trump Administration leveled two rounds of CBW Act sanctions in August 2018 and August 2019 in response to a March 2018 attack against British citizen Sergei Skripal and his da