[20210901]IF11325_玻利维亚：概述.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated September 1, 2021Bolivia: An OverviewAfter a year of political instability and more than a decade of tense relations with the United States, Bolivia has a new president who has vowed to work with the Biden Administration. Luis Arce took office in November 2020 after winning 55% of the vote in October 2020 elections in which his Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party maintained a legislative majority. President Arce is seeking to help Bolivia recover from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pursuing justice for human rights violations committed in 2019. Background Chronic instability, poverty, corruption, and deep ethnic and regional cleavages have stymied Bolivias development (see Figure 1). Bolivia won independence from Spain in 1825, experiencing frequent military coups and periods of authoritarian rule for much of its history. The country reestablished democratic civilian rule in 1982. Bolivias population is among the most ethnically diverse in South America. In the 2012 census, some 41% of the population self-identified as Indigenous (Quechua or Aymara). The rest of the population is of European, mixed European and Indigen