[20211014]IF11387_USMCA：机动车辆规定和问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated October 14, 2021USMCA: Motor Vehicle Provisions and IssuesBackground The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), ratified by Congress on January 16, 2020, and signed into law on January 29, 2020 (P.L. 116-113), replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on July 1, 2020. NAFTA reduced and eliminated trade and investment barriers between the United States and two of its largest trading partners, Canada and Mexico. It was the most comprehensive free trade agreement (FTA) negotiated at the time and contained groundbreaking provisions in areas such as market access, rules of origin (ROO), intellectual property rights, services, investment, dispute settlement, and worker rights. NAFTA was instrumental in reshaping the North American motor vehicle industry, which has become highly integrated and a major source of trade and investment among the three trading partners. NAFTA and Mexicos Motor Vehicle Industry Mexicos protectionist auto decrees of 1962, 1972, 1977, 1984, and 1989 reserved the Mexican market for domestically-produced parts and vehicles through restrictive requirements on domestic content, trade balance, production q