[20211025]IF11643_阿耳特弥斯：美国宇航局的人类重返月球计划.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated October 25, 2021Artemis: NASAs Program to Return Humans to the MoonBetween 1969 and 1972, the Apollo program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) landed 12 American men on the Moon and returned them safely to Earth (see Figure 1). Since then, no human has been farther from Earth than low-Earth orbit, a few hundred miles up; the distance to the Moon is about 240,000 miles. Artemis, named for Apollos twin sister in ancient Greek mythology, is NASAs program for a return to the Moon by American astronautsone of them a womanin 2024. Figure 1. The Last Human Lunar Mission: Apollo 17 Source: NASA, https:/spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/apollo/apollo17/html/as17-134-20382.html. Note: This image shows Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt standing on the surface of the Moon on December 13, 1972. Behind him are the Lunar Module lander and the Lunar Roving Vehicle rover. Orion and the Space Launch System Artemis has evolved from plans initiated in the NASA Authorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-267). The act established a statutory goal of “expanding permanent human presence beyond low-Earth orbit” and mandated the development of