[20211104]IN11187_联邦应急管理局（FEMA）减灾援助.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Hazard Mitigation Assistance Updated November 4, 2021 Introduction The majority of funding in the United States for both pre- and post-disaster mitigation comes from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which defines mitigation as “any sustained action to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects.” Mitigation actions have a long-term impact, as opposed to actions associated with immediate preparedness, response, and recovery activities. Mitigation has been shown to save money. A recent study by the Multihazard Mitigation Council found that society saves $6 for every dollar spent on mitigation funded through major federal mitigation grants. FEMA administers three hazard mitigation grant programs, collectively referred to as Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA): Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP); Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grant Program; Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC), which replaced the Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) Grant Program. Eligible applicants include state