[20211129]IF11805_防务基础：什么是指挥和控制？.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated November 29, 2021Defense Primer: What Is Command and Control?The Department of Defense (DOD) defines command and control (C2) as “the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned forces in the accomplishment of the mission.” At its most fundamental level, C2 represents how DOD makes operational decisions. One can view C2 through the context of five variables: who, what, when, where, and how (see Figure 1). Traditionally, Congress has focused on the authorities (the “who”) and technology (the “how”) variables, and less so on the force mix (“what”), temporal (“when”), and geographic (“where”). China and Russia have developed strategies to disrupt or potentially deny DOD its ability to make decisions; as a result, DOD is modernizing systems and processes to command and control military forces. Figure 1. C2 Conceptual Model Source: Congressional Research Service The first variable that Congress has traditionally focused on reflects the authority a commander has to execute an operation. This line of discussion focuses on the chain of command, reflecting the differences between the military servicescharged wi