[20211209]IN10450_私人洪水保险和国家洪水保险计划（NFIP）.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Updated December 9, 2021 The National Flood Insurance Program The NFIP was first authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 4001 et seq.) and was reauthorized until the end of FY2017 by the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW-12; Title II of P.L. 112-141). After 18 short-term reauthorizations, the NFIP is currently reauthorized until February 18, 2022 (P.L. 117-70). In statute, Congress has found that (1) many factors have made it uneconomic for the private insurance industry alone to make flood insurance available to those in need of such protection on reasonable terms and conditions; but (2) a program of flood insurance with large-scale participation of the Federal Government and carried out to the maximum extent practicable by the private insurance industry is feasible and can be initiated. (42 U.S.C. 4001(b). By law or regulation, federal agencies, federally regulated lending institutions, and government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) must require certain property owners to purchase flood insurance as a condit