[20211213]IF12000_半导体短缺制约汽车生产.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov December 13, 2021Semiconductor Shortage Constrains Vehicle ProductionA shortage of semiconductors has slowed auto production and forced temporary closures of numerous assembly plants around the world. According to data from consulting firm AutoForecast Solutions, North America lost production of 2.3 million vehicles in 2021 due to plant shutdowns. The effects of the semiconductor shortage on automotive supply chains have drawn attention in Congress, at a time when Members are considering a variety of proposals to support domestic semiconductor production. Semiconductor Use in Vehicles Recent trends in vehicle design, including vehicle connectivity, electrification, and a growing array of autonomous features, have increased the number and cost of semiconductor components used in the average passenger car, sport utility vehicle, or pickup truck. As shown in the top of Figure 1, recent estimates by Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, show todays vehicles employ about 40% more semiconductor devices than those made prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. The increasing shift toward electric vehicles (EVs) and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) is al