[20220110]IF12015_2021约翰·R·刘易斯投票权推进法案第4条（第117届国会）：法律概述.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov January 10, 2022The John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2021, S. 4 (117th Congress): Legal OverviewThe John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2021, S. 4 (117th Congress), currently pending in the Senate, would primarily amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA). In part, S. 4 appears to respond to Supreme Court decisions that evaluated provisions of the VRA. This In Focus provides background regarding relevant Court rulings and an overview of selected provisions of S. 4. Brnovich v. DNC Interpreted Section 2 Section 2 of the VRA, codified at 52 U.S.C. 10301, authorizes the federal government and private citizens to challenge discriminatory voting practices, including minority vote dilution. Specifically, Section 2(a) prohibits any state or political subdivision from imposing a voting practice that “results in a denial or abridgement of the right to vote” based on race, color, or membership in a language minority. Further, Section 2(b) provides that a violation is established if, “based on the totality of circumstances,” electoral processes “are not equally open to participation” by members of a racial or language minority group in