[20220113]IF10035_金融服务简介：银行业.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 13, 2022Introduction to Financial Services: BankingBanks serve an important role in the financial system and broader economy. They aggregate the savings of households and businesses and lend to individuals, businesses, and federal and local governments. Economic output would be lower if, instead of banks, businesses had to finance investments themselves or individuals had to rely on their savings alone to make expenditures (e.g., home and car purchases). Banks also provide other important financial services, such as payment processing. This In Focus reviews key concepts in banking, provides an overview of banking-related regulations and recent banking regulation, and highlights emerging policy issues. Key Concepts in Banking A bank generally refers to an institution that accepts deposits, makes loans, and processes payments, including commercial banks and thrifts (but generally not credit unions, which have a different ownership model). To accept deposits, an institution must have a federal or state charter. Bank deposits are generally insured by the federal government, subject to certain limits. Using customer deposits and other fund