[20220113]IF12016_美国半导体、芯片和《美国创新与竞争法》（第1260条）中的拨款 .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov January 13, 2022Semiconductors, CHIPS for America, and Appropriations in the U.S. Innovation and Competition Act (S. 1260) Global Landscape for Semiconductor Fabrication Semiconductors, or computer chips, enable nearly all industrial activities, including systems that undergird U.S. industrial competitiveness and national security. They are instrumental in technologies that address a wide spectrum of national needs, such as defense weapon systems, medical equipment, automobiles, industrial machinery, consumer electronics, and environmental systems. Semiconductor design and manufacturing is a global enterprise, with materials, design, fabrication, assembly, testing, and packaging operating across national borders. U.S. industry dominates many parts of the semiconductor supply chain, such as chip design. Six U.S.-headquartered or foreign-owned semiconductor manufacturing companies currently operate 20 fabrication facilities, or fabs, in the United States. However, with the movement of many U.S. firms toward a fabless model (companies that design, but do not manufacture, semiconductors), the U.S. share of semiconductor fabrication capacity was 12% in 20