[20220120]IF11308_USMCA：劳动条款.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 20, 2022USMCA: Labor Provisions The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) entered into force on July 1, 2020, replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). USMCA establishes new and updated provisions on the protection of worker rights and enforcement of labor commitments. Congress approved implementing legislation for USMCA (H.R. 5430) on December 19, 2019. President Trump signed the legislation into law on January 29, 2020 (P.L. 116-113). The protection of worker rights and the enforceability of labor provisions were a major congressional concern throughout the USMCA negotiations and remained an issue after the three countries concluded the agreement in September 2018. In response, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) and some Members of the House of Representatives negotiated changes to USMCA; most of the changes modified the labor provisions. USTR then negotiated the proposed amendments with Canada and Mexico. USMCAs new labor provisions, compared to recent U.S. free trade agreements (FTAs), may be considered for inclusion in future FTAs. Historically, U.S. labor advocates have expressed concern over FTAs with developi