[20220125]IF10958_美国贸易辩论：选择争议和行动 .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 25, 2022U.S. Trade Debates: Select Disputes and Actions Introduction During the Trump Administration, the United States and some of its major trading partners engaged in a contentious “war” of words over tradeone that tipped over into action in 2018, mostly in the form of increased tariffs. The tariffs imposed by the United States, combined with retaliatory measures adopted by other countries (particularly with respect to China), reportedly continue to have noticeable effects on trade flows and U.S. firms. To date, a number of disputes related to these actions have not been fully resolved. While the scale and scope of these unilateral U.S. tariff increases are unprecedented in modern times, tensions and irritants in trade relations are not uncommon. During the last 100 years, the United States has been involved in a number of trade disputes. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), as of January 2022, the United States has been involved in 280 trade disputes (addressed through the WTO dispute settlement system since 1995), either as a complainant or a respondent. Most disputes are settled, or when unresolved, are contained or