[20220125]IF11035_管理贸易和数量限制：国会议题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 25, 2022Managed Trade and Quantitative Restrictions: Issues for CongressBackground Congress plays a prominent role in shaping U.S. trade policy, due in part to trade policys impact on the overall health of the U.S. economy and specific sectors, the success of U.S. businesses and workers, and Americans standard of living. Some Members of Congress contend that past trade negotiations and agreements have failed to address effectively foreign protectionist practices and enhance reciprocal market access for U.S. firms, farmers, and workers. They cite as evidence the disruption of some U.S. industries, difficulties of U.S. firms in penetrating some foreign markets, and large U.S. merchandise trade deficitseven with countries with which the United States has a free trade agreement. They argue that the main goals of U.S. trade policy should be to achieve “fair” and “balanced” trade and to place more emphasis on measurable results (e.g., increased exports and market share abroad). To some observers, the United States has been pursuingin certain areasa “managed trade” policy that seeks specific or numerical outcomes of trade by using, among oth