[20220126]IF10539_防务基础：使用军事力量的法律权威.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 26, 2022Defense Primer: Legal Authorities for the Use of Military ForcesBy the Framers apparent design, to keep the nations “purse” and the “sword” in separate hands and in other ways hinder the nations embroilment in unnecessary wars, the Constitution divides war powers between Congress and the President. Congress is empowered to declare war, provide for and regulate the Armed Forces, and issue letters of marque and reprisal, as well as to call forth the militia to suppress an insurrection, repel an invasion, or “execute the Laws of the Union.” The President, as the Commander in Chief, has the responsibility to direct the Armed Forces as they conduct hostilities, put down insurrections, or execute the law when constitutionally authorized to do so. The extent to which the President has independent authority under the Constitution, without explicit statutory support, to use the military for purposes other than to repel a sudden attack is the subject of long-standing debate. At the same time, efforts in Congress to exercise its constitutional war powers in some way that is perceived to constrain military operations have met with objecti