[20220207]IF10033_知识产权与国际贸易.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 7, 2022Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and International TradeProtection and enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) are longstanding key components of U.S. trade policy. Congress has a constitutional responsibility to legislate on and oversee IPR matters in U.S. trade policy, which have evolved over time. The growing importance of emerging markets has introduced new views on IPR and challenges to enforcement. New technologies present distinct challenges to combating counterfeiting and piracy. Most recently, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is renewing debates about the role of IPR protections in providing global access to medicines. Background IP is defined as a creation of the mind embodied in physical and digital objects. Governments grant time-limited legal rights to creators to prevent others from making, copying, selling, or otherwise using their creations. Known as IPR, these rights can take different forms, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, undisclosed data (trade secrets), and geographical indications (GIs). IPR generally aim to encourage innovation and creative output by allowing inventor