[20220208]IF11696_航空、空气污染和气候变化.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated February 8, 2022Aviation, Air Pollution, and Climate ChangeSome Members of Congress have expressed interest in addressing air pollution emissions, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the climate change effects from domestic and international aviation. Proposed legislation in the 117th Congress would provide for sustainable fuel mandates, incentives for airport efficiency improvements, and GHG emission targets, among other requirements. Emissions from Aircraft The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that transportationincluding passenger cars and light trucks, heavy-duty trucks, buses, trains, ships, and aircraftaccounted for 35% of carbon dioxide (CO2, the principal GHG) emissions in 2018. While CO2 emissions from passenger cars and light trucks exceed those from aircraft in the United States, CO2 emissions from aviation are currently experiencing a faster rate of growth. All aircraft, including military, commercial, and privately chartered, accounted for 13% of the U.S. transportation sectors CO2 emissions and 5% of all U.S. CO2 emissions in 2018. Commercial aircraft, including those operated by passenger and all-cargo airli